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In the days of the railways when long trains of cargo would be assembled almost ad hoc, it was not practical to hook up brake lines on every wagon. With the need to drop of cargo at many different locations and sometimes in an order requiring some shunting it would not have been practical to disconnect and reconnect brake lines all the time, assuming that this would even be possible across the myriad of different wagon manufacturers of the day. Such trains were referred to as ‘unfitted’.
The logical solution would be to have a dedicated vehicle specifically for the purpose of slowing and stopping the train. A guard would be stationed in the van, often with a small log burner for heat, and would apply strong brakes by means of a wheel internally. When accompanying the locomotive brakes this would bring the train to a controlled stop. On longer, heavier trains there would often be a second brake van immediately after the locomotive to aid the braking force at the front of the train.
Well-known biscuit makers Huntley & Palmers established themselves as one of the first global brands through the use of the railways. Their plant at Reading was connected with both the GWR and SECR (later SR) and the company owned a small fleet of coal wagons, finished in an eye-catching red livery, to ensure a steady supply fuel was always available. Peco have produced a nicely detailed model of the standard RCH 1923 type 12-ton 7 plank open coal wagon for the TT:120 range. These wood bodied wagons carried many colourful private owner wagons and lasted into the late 1950s under British Railways ownership.
The 21 tonne mineral wagon served an essential purpose in the early stages of British Railways control over the new national railway network. These wagons were essentially coal wagons, the logical evolution of the old 3 – 7 plank wagon designs of the grouping era. These wagons were use for industrial scale coal transportation, with long trains of these being one of the only ways of transporting coal from the coalfields in the quantities required to keep the British steam train fleet running.
These wagons were of all steel construction with common yet uprated leaf springs to accommodate the load weight these would commonly haul. These wagons were fitted with side doors, to aid in the ease and speed of unloading the cargo.
This single-track level crossing can be adapted perfectly to suit your layout needs: