Development of the Centurion began in 1943 with manufacture beginning in January 1945. Six prototypes arrived in Belgium less than a month after the war in Europe ended in May 1945. It first entered combat with the British Army in the Korean War in 1950, in support of the UN forces. The Centurion later served in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, where it fought against US-supplied M47 and M48 Patton tanks and it served with the Royal Australian Armoured Corps in Vietnam.
It became one of the most widely used tank designs, equipping armies around the world, with some still in service until the 1990s. The Israeli army used Centurions in the 1967 Six-Day War, 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1978 South Lebanon conflict and 1982 Lebanon War. Centurions modified as armoured personnel carriers were used in Gaza, the West Bank and on the Lebanese border. The Royal Jordanian Land Force used Centurions first in 1970 to fend off a Syrian incursion within its borders during the Black September events and later in the Golan Heights in 1973. South Africa deployed its Centurions in Angola during the South African Border War.
As recently as the 2006 Israel Lebanon conflict the Israel Defense Forces employed heavily modified Centurions as armoured personnel carriers and combat engineering vehicles. The South African National Defence Force still employs over 200 Centurions, which were modernised in the 1980s and 2000s as the Olifant (elephant). In British Army use it was replaced by the Chieftain.
Between 1946 and 1962 4,423 Centurions were produced, consisting of 13 basic marks and numerous variants.
The Centurion Mk 3 was fitted with 20pdr (84mm), slightly shorter hull, 2 stowage positions for track links on glacis, vehicle weight 49 tons. It was also fitted with a two-inch (51mm) mortar, loaded, and fired from within the turret.
The Centurion Mk 5 had Browning machine guns fitted to coaxial and commander's cupola mounts, turret rear escape door deleted, turret roof reshaped, deletion of 2in. (51mm) mortar in turret roof, extra stowage bin on glacis, addition of guide roller in track run, and the vehicle weight 51 tons.